Copy a file in Go

How to copy a file in Go. The ioutil package does not offer a shorthand way of copying a file. Instead the os package should be used.

September 10, 2017
Updated October 2, 2023

No shorthand method ¶

The ioutil package offers some of the common operations needed when working with files but nothing for copying files. Go tries to keep things lightweight so as operations become more complex the os package should be used. The os package operates at a slightly lower level and as such expects that files are explicitly closed after opening them. Reading the source code of the os package shows that many of the functions in the ioutil package are wrappers around the os package and remove the requirements to explicitly close files.

Copying a file ¶

To copy a file is therefore a case of glueing together a few functions from the os package. The process is

Open the file that should be copied
Read the contents
Create and open the file that the contents should be copied into
Write to the new file
Close both files

Code example ¶

The following shows an example of copying a file in Go.

package main

import (
  "io"
  "log"
  "os"
)

func main() {
  from, err := os.Open("./sourcefile.txt")
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  defer from.Close()

  to, err := os.OpenFile("./sourcefile.copy.txt", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, 0666)
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  defer to.Close()

  _, err = io.Copy(to, from)
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
}

Code example explaination ¶

The code example can be explained as follows.

The Open function from the os module is used to read a file from disk.
A defer statement is used to close the file once the script has finished all other execution.
The OpenFile function is used to open a file. The first argument is the name of the file to be opened or created if it does not exist. The second argument represents the flags to be used on the file. In this case it is read and write and should be created if it does not exist. Finally the permissions on the file are set.
Another defer statement is used to close this file after other execution has finished.
The Copy function is then used from the io package. This copies from the source file and writes it to the destination.

Copy a file in Go

No shorthand method ¶

Copying a file ¶

Code example ¶

Code example explaination ¶

Further reading ¶

Tags

See Also